Jul 26, 2021 · Pregnancy Benefits. While remaining replete in magnesium is beneficial to fertility, addressing magnesium deficiency prior to conception can also be crucial to maintaining a healthy pregnancy. One of the most immediately obvious ways a healthy magnesium intake can help is by keeping your cortisol levels under control. Any pregnant woman should be supplemented with 240-480 mg (10-20 mmol) magnesium per day. Magnesium supplementation should begin as soon as possible, continue until birth, and be continued postnatally. In severe renal disease, oral magnesium supplementation is contraindicated. Soft stools can be easily avoided by taking equal doses throughout ...Nov 11, 2022 · In essence, yes. A good, moderate dose of magnesium is about 100 to 350 milligrams daily, says Dr. Winter. That dose should be void of any side effects. Avena reiterates that the best form of ... Slow-Mag may cause serious side effects. Stop using Slow-Mag and call your doctor at once if you have: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, increased thirst or urination; muscle pain or weakness, joint pain; confusion, feeling tired or restless; or. slow heart rate, drowsiness, feeling light-headed.Magnesium oxide is frequently used in pill form to prevent migraine, usually at a dose of 400-600 mg per day. Acutely, it can be dosed in pill form at the same dosage or given intravenously as magnesium sulfate at 1-2 gm. The most frequent side effect is diarrhea, which can be helpful in those prone to constipation.Yes, healthy pregnant and breastfeeding women can safely take Natural Calm magnesium. In fact, magnesium needs will increase during gestation and lactation. Enough magnesium during pregnancy may help with DNA formation and is thought to play a role in preventing complications such as pre-eclampsia.For breastfeeding moms, magnesium helps relieve restless leg syndrome and can improve mood. While getting magnesium from foods like spinach and nuts is important, adding a magnesium supplement can help ensure you’re getting enough of this essential nutrient every day – potentially improving your overall health.Magnesium oxide is frequently used in pill form to prevent migraine, usually at a dose of 400-600 mg per day. Acutely, it can be dosed in pill form at the same dosage or given intravenously as magnesium sulfate at 1-2 gm. The most frequent side effect is diarrhea, which can be helpful in those prone to constipation.Slow-Mag may cause serious side effects. Stop using Slow-Mag and call your doctor at once if you have: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, increased thirst or urination; muscle pain or weakness, joint pain; confusion, feeling tired or restless; or. slow heart rate, drowsiness, feeling light-headed.Magnesium Chloride is one of the best kinds of magnesium you can take while pregnant. It does so many things that can improve a pregnancy. Most notably, it promotes a deep, restful sleep by creating a sense of calm in both the body and mind, and can be used against the ever so irritating leg cramps.In a study done with pregnant rats, researchers observed no toxicity effect on the mother or the developing fetus at levels up to 2000 mg/kg/day (3). If you have come across certain “mommy blogs” talking about the positive effects of ashwagandha during pregnancy, tread lightly. These mother-to-mother support systems are helpful in some ways.Oct 20, 2021 · Magnesium oxide is frequently used in pill form to prevent migraine, usually at a dose of 400-600 mg per day. Acutely, it can be dosed in pill form at the same dosage or given intravenously as magnesium sulfate at 1-2 gm. The most frequent side effect is diarrhea, which can be helpful in those prone to constipation. Yes, healthy pregnant and breastfeeding women can safely take Natural Calm magnesium. In fact, magnesium needs will increase during gestation and lactation. Enough magnesium during pregnancy may help with DNA formation and is thought to play a role in preventing complications such as pre-eclampsia. Taking Natural Calm during breastfeeding is ...For many years, magnesium has been described as a crucial factor for cellular activity. In this chapter, a brief overview of pharmacology and genetics of magnesium transport will be followed by a review of clinical and biological studies of Mg-vitamin B6 supplementation in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism (autistic spectrum disorders family, ASD) in children. Although ... May 13, 2021 · The product: Natural Vitality Calm Gummies. Magnesium is an all-star player in more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body that influence things like nerve and muscle function, blood pressure regulation, and blood glucose control. According to the National Institutes of Health, around 48 percent of Americans of all ages don’t get enough ... Oct 12, 2021 · Here are some tips for preventing and easing constipation when you're pregnant: Drink plenty of water. Try to have 10 to 12 cups of water or other beverages daily. (Or sip throughout the day until your urine is clear or pale yellow in color – a sign of adequate hydration.) Dec 14, 2020 · 3. Vitamin D. Vitamin D status is important for everyone—it’s one of the best vitamins to take for hormonal imabalance, and it helps with skeletal health, hormonal regulation, and blood sugar balance. The fetus relies on maternal vitamin D intake, which is why it’s one of the most important vitamins to take while pregnant. Taking magnesium is helpful for treating and preventing magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency usually occurs when people have liver disorders, heart failure, vomiting or diarrhea, kidney dysfunction, and other conditions. High blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). Administering magnesium intravenously (by IV) or as ... Yes, healthy pregnant and breastfeeding women can safely take Natural Calm magnesium. In fact, magnesium needs will increase during gestation and lactation. Enough magnesium during pregnancy may help with DNA formation and is thought to play a role in preventing complications such as pre-eclampsia.Sep 23, 2019 · Researchers state that the correct dose of magnesium supplements can not only treat some pregnancy disorders, but it may also help prevent preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and other problems that may occur. These findings justify the need for additional magnesium during pregnancy. Oct 28, 2019 · For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ... Dec 14, 2020 · 3. Vitamin D. Vitamin D status is important for everyone—it’s one of the best vitamins to take for hormonal imabalance, and it helps with skeletal health, hormonal regulation, and blood sugar balance. The fetus relies on maternal vitamin D intake, which is why it’s one of the most important vitamins to take while pregnant. Consult your doctor before taking any supplements while pregnant. RLS is one problem that can make it nearly impossible to sleep. Nausea, leg cramps, and heartburn or indigestion are other culprits. Read our tips for getting comfortable in bed when you're pregnant. Learn more: Sleep aids during pregnancy; Sleep problem: Waking up hungry4. Lavender Essential Oil. Diffusing soothing essential oils is another great way to combat anxiety. Lavender is the perfect gentle and safe oil for pregnancy! If you have other oils that you want to try, Plant Therapy offers a great resource for which oils are safe in pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. Some prefer taking the product in the morning while others prefer taking it later in the day. Consistent intake of Natural Vitality CALM® on a daily or regular basis is the best way to experience the benefits and achieve an optimum magnesium intake.All forms of magnesium can help with anxiety, magnesium is a natural relaxant. There's no form that's specifically contraindicated in pregnancy. Magnesium glycinate is usually the best form to take for absorption and minimal side effects, the least likely to cause diarrhea. Jul 12, 2023 · Pregnant women should take magnesium citrate under medical supervision and are generally advised to deal with constipation. The recommended dosage of magnesium citrate for pregnant women is at least 300 mg. Excessive consumption of magnesium citrate may lead to side effects like nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Pregnant women should take magnesium citrate under medical supervision and are generally advised to deal with constipation. The recommended dosage of magnesium citrate for pregnant women is at least 300 mg. Excessive consumption of magnesium citrate may lead to side effects like nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.Summary: Drug interactions are reported among people who take Tylenol and Magnesium. Common interactions include drug ineffective among females and fatigue among males. The phase IV clinical study analyzes what interactions people who take Tylenol and Magnesium have. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 5,461 people who take Tylenol ...Jan 10, 2023 · Magnesium deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in the world, and while I recommend getting as much as you can from magnesium-rich food sources, magnesium supplements can help some people. Coming from the root word magnes, magnesium is one of the most crucial minerals for the body. weak or shallow breathing, slow heartbeats; or. muscle weakness, increased thirst. Common side effects may include: loose stools, diarrhea, stomach cramps; upset stomach; dizziness; or. increased ...The Benefits of Magnesium During Pregnancy & Postpartum. Whether insufficient magnesium levels cause any of the below requires a lot more research. However, given magnesium’s role in the functioning of the body, it’s likely that adequate consumption can address a number of challenges that arise during pregnancy. Let’s take a look.Oral absorption of magnesium by the infant is poor, so maternal magnesium citrate is not expected to affect the breastfed infant's serum magnesium. Magnesium citrate supplementation during pregnancy might delay the onset of lactation, but it can be taken during breastfeeding and no special precautions are required.Magnesium is an essential nutrient to support a healthy pregnancy. It plays many vital roles and functions in your body. For example, magnesium can help fight common pregnancy complaints such as insomnia, headaches, and leg cramps. Ideally, your diet and prenatal vitamin will include enough magnesium to meet your daily requirement.When we get pregnant, the hormones can slow things down, including our digestion and bowels. Magnesium is a wonderful remedy for constipation. The rule of thumb for dosage is to take magnesium until your stool get loose. Then dial back. For me, the perfect dosage seems to be about 500 mg a day.Yes, healthy pregnant and breastfeeding women can safely take Natural Calm magnesium. In fact, magnesium needs will increase during gestation and lactation. Enough magnesium during pregnancy may help with DNA formation and is thought to play a role in preventing complications such as pre-eclampsia.Oct 12, 2021 · Here are some tips for preventing and easing constipation when you're pregnant: Drink plenty of water. Try to have 10 to 12 cups of water or other beverages daily. (Or sip throughout the day until your urine is clear or pale yellow in color – a sign of adequate hydration.) Jan 11, 2022 · nausea. abdominal cramping. Ingesting more than 5,000 milligrams (mg) of magnesium each day can cause magnesium toxicity, leading to symptoms such as: low blood pressure. urine retention. lethargy ... lower blood pressure. reduce the risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. improve bone health. prevent migraine headaches. One supplement people with magnesium deficiencies use ...PRODUCT DETAILS. Item No. 0380242. Natural Vitality CALM Magnesium Supplement Drink Mix is a convenient powder drink mix that helps support healthy magnesium levels while delivering a calming experience you can feel (1). Formulated with magnesium carbonate and citric acid, Natural CALM magnesium powder combines with water to create a magnesium ... weak or shallow breathing, slow heartbeats; or. muscle weakness, increased thirst. Common side effects may include: loose stools, diarrhea, stomach cramps; upset stomach; dizziness; or. increased ...Yes, healthy pregnant and breastfeeding women can safely take Natural Calm magnesium. In fact, magnesium needs will increase during gestation and lactation. Enough magnesium during pregnancy may help with DNA formation and is thought to play a role in preventing complications such as pre-eclampsia.Magnesium Chloride is one of the best kinds of magnesium you can take while pregnant. It does so many things that can improve a pregnancy. Most notably, it promotes a deep, restful sleep by creating a sense of calm in both the body and mind, and can be used against the ever so irritating leg cramps.I have a question. I already asked my OB doctor if it's okay for me to take Natural Calm magnesium drink, and he said "yes," but I wasn't exactly comforted because he didn't seem to know much about it and seemed kind of confused when I showed him the bottle. Drugs.com has magnesium citrate listed as category C, which isn't comforting either. For breastfeeding moms, magnesium helps relieve restless leg syndrome and can improve mood. While getting magnesium from foods like spinach and nuts is important, adding a magnesium supplement can help ensure you’re getting enough of this essential nutrient every day – potentially improving your overall health.Magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin can significantly reduce adverse reactions and effectively lower blood pressure in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension, but the overall efficacy and safety of the combination of drugs are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate ... All forms of magnesium can help with anxiety, magnesium is a natural relaxant. There's no form that's specifically contraindicated in pregnancy. Magnesium glycinate is usually the best form to take for absorption and minimal side effects, the least likely to cause diarrhea.Can I take calm magnesium while pregnant? Many expecting mothers wonder whether or not it’s safe to take magnesium while pregnant. The good news is that there is no research suggesting magnesium can adversely affect your or baby! At worst, you will experience some side effects from excess magnesium, such as: Nausea. Feb 4, 2016 · Magnesium. I take magnesium all the time, but find it especially helpful in pregnancy. Severe magnesium deficiency can lead to poor fetal growth, preeclampsia, or even fetal death. Proper magnesium levels also help mom’s tissue growth and recovery during pregnancy and may help baby receive more nutrition through the placenta. Taking magnesium is helpful for treating and preventing magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency usually occurs when people have liver disorders, heart failure, vomiting or diarrhea, kidney dysfunction, and other conditions. High blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). Administering magnesium intravenously (by IV) or as ... Folic acid supplementation is recommended for all women of reproductive age and who are pregnant, as it helps prevent neural tube defects or abnormalities, such as spina bifida. Ideally, women should take a daily folic acid supplement for at least one month before conception. Ginger has also been shown to be helpful for nausea and vomiting ...Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy.Beyond preventing eclampsia, taking magnesium supplements during pregnancy has numerous advantages. Magnesium is also useful for treating other, more widespread pregnancy ailments. Magnesium eases constipation frequently associated with pregnancy and prevents the discomfort of leg cramps by working to relax muscles.Aug 11, 2021 · However, chronically low levels can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Too much magnesium from foods isn't a concern for healthy adults. However, the same can't be said for supplements. High doses of magnesium from supplements or medications can cause nausea, abdominal cramping and diarrhea. While craving chocolate in the second half of your cycle is common, the better solution would be to supplement with magnesium. There are a couple of ways to supplement with magnesium. One way is to take a powdered form or ionic form of magnesium. Natural Calm and ReMag are two brands that I recommend.Feb 14, 2023 · Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy. 4. Lavender Essential Oil. Diffusing soothing essential oils is another great way to combat anxiety. Lavender is the perfect gentle and safe oil for pregnancy! If you have other oils that you want to try, Plant Therapy offers a great resource for which oils are safe in pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. Pregnancy constipation relief: Ways to feel better. Here are some tips for preventing and easing constipation when you're pregnant: Drink plenty of water. Try to have 10 to 12 cups of water or other beverages daily. (Or sip throughout the day until your urine is clear or pale yellow in color – a sign of adequate hydration.)As you do your research on magnesium during pregnancy, you’ll likely discover that there are plenty of reasons you should take magnesium supplements during pregnancy. From improving sleep health to maintaining feelings of wellness, this mineral can potentially do so much for those who are expecting.Supplementing with magnesium may help to decrease the occurrence of pregnancy complications such as hypertension, preeclampsia, placental dysfunction, premature labor, growth restriction, and gestational diabetes especially in pregnant people from disadvantaged backgrounds.During pregnancy, help with nausea, sleep, muscle cramps, and restless legs! bears-bub • 5 yr. ago. I definately sleep better and poop better. I also use it for my Fibromyalgia as its great for muscle, tendon and nerve pain. I take a tablet each night and rub liquid onto my sore areas when I get ligament or muscle pain. 4. Lavender Essential Oil. Diffusing soothing essential oils is another great way to combat anxiety. Lavender is the perfect gentle and safe oil for pregnancy! If you have other oils that you want to try, Plant Therapy offers a great resource for which oils are safe in pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. Has anyone tried Triple Calm Magnesium (or anything similar) during pregnancy? I found it on Amazon -- it's a 150mg dose of magnesium taurate, glycinate, and malate. I am planning to take it both for anxiety as well as heart palpitations (I've had them for weeks now and they're the worst). Before taking this medicine. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take magnesium citrate if you have other medical conditions, especially: kidney disease; a sudden change in bowel habits that has lasted longer than 2 weeks; stomach pain, nausea, vomiting; or. if you are on a low-magnesium or low-potassium diet.Taking magnesium is helpful for treating and preventing magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency usually occurs when people have liver disorders, heart failure, vomiting or diarrhea, kidney dysfunction, and other conditions. High blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). Administering magnesium intravenously (by IV) or as ... Side effects. The most commonly reported side effects caused by magnesium citrate include: Stomach and intestinal issues like gas, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramping. Imbalance in your electrolytes, or levels of minerals and compounds like sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphate in your blood.Nov 29, 2022 · Common side effects of magnesium lactate may include: diarrhea; bloating, gas; or. upset stomach. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Magnesium lactate side effects (more detail) However, chronically low levels can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Too much magnesium from foods isn't a concern for healthy adults. However, the same can't be said for supplements. High doses of magnesium from supplements or medications can cause nausea, abdominal cramping and diarrhea.Side effects. The most commonly reported side effects caused by magnesium citrate include: Stomach and intestinal issues like gas, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramping. Imbalance in your electrolytes, or levels of minerals and compounds like sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphate in your blood.Has anyone tried Triple Calm Magnesium (or anything similar) during pregnancy? I found it on Amazon -- it's a 150mg dose of magnesium taurate, glycinate, and malate. I am planning to take it both for anxiety as well as heart palpitations (I've had them for weeks now and they're the worst). Can I take calm magnesium while pregnant? Final Thoughts. Although magnesium is generally agreed to be a safe and smart supplement during pregnancy, we recommend consulting your physician or midwife before using a magnesium supplement. What can calm a pregnant woman? Here are ten tips to help you relax in pregnancy: Take time out for yourself ...Sep 29, 2017 · Magnesium is among the most essential minerals for ensuring a healthy pregnancy. This specific mineral helps in creating and regenerating body tissues. What`s the Role of Magnesium during Pregnancy? Magnesium and calcium function together in the body, just as calcium needs vitamin D to accomplish its purpose. Magnesium relaxes muscles, while calcium stimulates muscles to Feb 1, 2018 · Magnesium is both a mineral and an electrolyte. It is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. It is necessary for electrical activity in the heart and the brain. It is a cofactor in more than 300 reactions within the body. The recommended daily allowance is about 400 to 420 milligrams for men and 310 to 360 milligrams for women. This makes magnesium water one of the best magnesium supplements you can take. (See how to make magnesium water.) Citrate (& why I don’t recommend Natural Calm) Magnesium citrate is easily available and may even be recommended by your doctor, but magnesium citrate is not the best choice. (I know! SHOCKER!) Natural Calm lovers, don’t hate me.Nov 11, 2022 · In essence, yes. A good, moderate dose of magnesium is about 100 to 350 milligrams daily, says Dr. Winter. That dose should be void of any side effects. Avena reiterates that the best form of ... For breastfeeding moms, magnesium helps relieve restless leg syndrome and can improve mood. While getting magnesium from foods like spinach and nuts is important, adding a magnesium supplement can help ensure you’re getting enough of this essential nutrient every day – potentially improving your overall health.Jul 25, 2023 · Natural Calm is a supplement that has the capability to dissolve in water making it easier to be absorbed in the body. The supplement contains magnesium which one of the essential supplements in the body. Magnesium plays a bigger role in our body systems. It carries out the following processes: Helps in maintaining normal muscle and nerve function For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ...Any pregnant woman should be supplemented with 240-480 mg (10-20 mmol) magnesium per day. Magnesium supplementation should begin as soon as possible, continue until birth, and be continued postnatally. In severe renal disease, oral magnesium supplementation is contraindicated. Soft stools can be easily avoided by taking equal doses throughout ...
Nov 29, 2022 · Common side effects of magnesium lactate may include: diarrhea; bloating, gas; or. upset stomach. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Magnesium lactate side effects (more detail) . Craigpercent27slist
Some prefer taking the product in the morning while others prefer taking it later in the day. Consistent intake of Natural Vitality CALM® on a daily or regular basis is the best way to experience the benefits and achieve an optimum magnesium intake.May 14, 2023 · If you take other drugs, check with your doctor or pharmacist to see if you need to take them at some other time than magnesium carbonate. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks of using magnesium carbonate while you are pregnant. Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy may be able to reduce fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, and increase birthweight. Objectives: To assess the effects of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, neonatal/infant and paediatric outcomes.Folic acid supplementation is recommended for all women of reproductive age and who are pregnant, as it helps prevent neural tube defects or abnormalities, such as spina bifida. Ideally, women should take a daily folic acid supplement for at least one month before conception. Ginger has also been shown to be helpful for nausea and vomiting ...Magnesium is an essential nutrient to support a healthy pregnancy. It plays many vital roles and functions in your body. For example, magnesium can help fight common pregnancy complaints such as insomnia, headaches, and leg cramps. Ideally, your diet and prenatal vitamin will include enough magnesium to meet your daily requirement.Slow-Mag may cause serious side effects. Stop using Slow-Mag and call your doctor at once if you have: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, increased thirst or urination; muscle pain or weakness, joint pain; confusion, feeling tired or restless; or. slow heart rate, drowsiness, feeling light-headed.PRODUCT DETAILS. Item No. 0380242. Natural Vitality CALM Magnesium Supplement Drink Mix is a convenient powder drink mix that helps support healthy magnesium levels while delivering a calming experience you can feel (1). Formulated with magnesium carbonate and citric acid, Natural CALM magnesium powder combines with water to create a magnesium ... For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ...All forms of magnesium can help with anxiety, magnesium is a natural relaxant. There's no form that's specifically contraindicated in pregnancy. Magnesium glycinate is usually the best form to take for absorption and minimal side effects, the least likely to cause diarrhea.Yes, healthy pregnant and breastfeeding women can safely take Natural Calm magnesium. In fact, magnesium needs will increase during gestation and lactation. Enough magnesium during pregnancy may help with DNA formation and is thought to play a role in preventing complications such as pre-eclampsia. Taking Natural Calm during breastfeeding is ... Re: Natural Calm - Magnesium, Constipation. acp527 member. March 2015. Yes! It's really great for constipation and also to build up magnesium levels to help after birth to ward off postpartum. I read somewhere that if you have low levels of magnesium then postpartum could be worse. Also helps me with headaches. mgillon member.Folic acid supplementation is recommended for all women of reproductive age and who are pregnant, as it helps prevent neural tube defects or abnormalities, such as spina bifida. Ideally, women should take a daily folic acid supplement for at least one month before conception. Ginger has also been shown to be helpful for nausea and vomiting ...Feb 20, 2023 · 1. Helps Treat Constipation. Magnesium sulfate is used to help produce a bowel movement when someone is seeking constipation relief. It usually works within 30 minutes to six hours after taking it by mouth. The most common form used for promoting a bowel movement is magnesium sulfate powder, which is mixed with water. Aug 14, 2023 · Magnesium citrate Pregnancy Warnings. Magnesium citrate has been assigned to pregnancy category C by the FDA. Animal or reproductive studies have not been reported. Magnesium citrate should only be given during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk. See references. .